Il mito tra verità e post-verità

  • Simona Stano
Parole chiave: truth, post-truth, myth, narrative, knowledge

Abstract

While offering effective tools for information and content sharing, the Web 2.0 has also fomented disinformation and misinformation, emerging as a hybrid space where official data and verified news increasingly tend to “merge” with a variety of alternative narratives, more or less reliable accounts and even real fake news. In this context, the concept of myth, traditionally associated with the idea of truth, has been widely used to refer to the illusory or false characterization of contemporary digital narratives, and the consequent need to debunk them. This connotation is not new at all, but dates back to early modernity and, more generally, to the long-standing debate on the relationship between logical-rational thought and other forms of knowledge. However, the development of new communication technologies has made it spread on a large scale, imposing it in common sense. This paper deals with such issues, in the aim to contribute to the philosophical and semiotic reflection on the relationship between truth and post-truth and on the role of the mythic discourse as a cognitive and hermeneutic device.

Riferimenti bibliografici

Aristotele (334-330 a.C.), Poetica, Milano, Bompiani 2004.

Barthes, Roland (1957), Mythologies, Éditions du Seuil, Paris (Miti d’oggi, trad. it. di L. Lonzi, Einaudi, Torino 1974).

Barthes, Roland (1984), Le bruissement de la langue. Essais critiques IV, Éditions du Seuil, Paris (Il brusio della lingua, trad. it. di B. Bellotto, Einaudi, Torino 1988).

Brelich, Angelo (2003), Come funzionano i miti. L’universo mitologico di una cultura melanesiana, Dedalo, Bari.

Brunvand, Jan H. (1981), The vanishing hitchhiker: american urban legends and their meanings, Norton, New York (Leggende metropolitane: storie improbabili raccontate come vere, trad. it. di M.T. Carbone, Costa & Nolan, Genova 1988).

Carlini, Franco (1999), Lo stile del web. Parole e immagini nella comunicazione di rete, Einaudi, Torino.

Cassirer, Ernst (1925), Das mythische Denken. Philosophie der symbolischen Formen, 2 Bd, Bruno Cassirer, Berlin (Filosofia delle forme simboliche – vol. II: Il pensiero mitico, Pgreco, Milano 2015).

Chauvin, Danièle, Siganos, André e Walter, Philippe (a cura di) (2005), Questions de Mythocritique : Dictionnaire, Imago, Paris.

Chiusaroli, Francesca (2014), Scritture Brevi di Twitter: Note di grammatica e di terminologia, in Orioles, Vincenzo, Bombi, Raffaella e Brazzo, Marica (a cura di) (2014), Metalinguaggio. Storia e statuto dei costrutti della linguistica, vol. 1, Editrice Il Calamo, Roma, pp. 435-448.

Chiusaroli, Francesca e Zanzotto, Fabio Massimo (2012), Scritture brevi nelle lingue moderne, Università degli Studi di Napoli L’Orientale, Napoli.

Danesi, Marcel (2016), The semiotics of emoji: the rise of visual language in the age of the internet, Bloomsbury Academic, New York.

Dusi, Nicola e Spaziante, Lucio (2006), Remix-remake: pratiche di replicabilità, Meltemi, Roma.

Eco, Umberto (1968), La struttura assente, Bompiani, Milano.

Eliade, Mircea (1949), Le mythe de l'eternel retour. Archétypes et répétition, Librairie Gallimard, Paris.

Eliade, Mircea (1963), Myth and reality, Harper and Row, New York and Evanston (Mito e realtà, trad. it. di G. Cantoni, Borla, Torino 1966).

Ferraro, Guido e Santangelo, Antonio (2017), Narrazione e realtà. Il senso degli eventi, Aracne, Roma.

Fiorentini, Ilaria (2015), Le lingue del LOL: scritture ludiche di varietà non standard in rete, in Dal Negro, Silvia, Guerini, Federica e Iannàccaro, Gabriele (a cura di) (2015), Elaborazione ortografica delle varietà non standard. Esperienze spontanee in Italia e all'estero, Bergamo University Press – Sestante Edizioni, Bergamo, pp. 159-179.

Floch, Jean-Marie (1990), Sémiotique, marketing et communication: sous les signes, les stratégies, PUF, Paris.

Floch, Jean-Marie (2006), Bricolage: lettere ai semiologi della terra ferma (a cura di G. Marrone e M. Agnello), Meltemi, Roma.

Frazer, James George (1890), The golden bough, MacMillan, London 1995.

Gheno, Vera (2011), Socializzare in rete, in Stefanelli, Stefania e Saura, Anna V. (a cura di) (2011), I linguaggi giovanili, Accademia della Crusca, Firenze, pp. 41-112.

Goody, Jack (1977), The domestication of the savage mind, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Goody, Jack (2010), Myth, ritual and the oral, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Heidegger, Martin (1950), Holzwege, Klostermann, Frankfurt (Sentieri interrotti, trad. it. di P. Chiodi, La Nuova Italia, Firenze 1968).

Habermas, Jürgen (1962), Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit, Luchterhand, Neuwied-Berlin (Storia e critica dell'opinione pubblica, trad. it. di M. Carpitella, A. Illuminati, F. Masini, W. Perretta, Laterza, Roma 2005).

Jenkins, Henry, Ford, Sam e Green, Joshua (2013), Spreadable media: creating value and meaning in a networked culture, New York University Press, New York.

Kimminich, Eva (2016), «About grounding, courting and truthifying. conspiratorial fragments and patterns of social construction of reality in rhetoric, media and images» in Lexia, n. 23-24, pp. 35-53.

Lévi-Strauss, Claude (1962), La pensée sauvage, Plon, Paris.

Lévi-Strauss, Claude (1966), Anthropologie structurale, PUF, Paris.

Lévi-Strauss, Claude (1978), Myth and Meaning, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.

Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien (1935), La Mythologie Primitive, Alcan, Paris.

Lincoln, Bruce (1999), Theorizing Myth, Chicago University Press, Chicago.

Lorusso, Anna Maria (2018), Postverità: Fra reality tv, social media e storytelling, Laterza, Roma-Bari.

Malinowski, Bronislaw (1926), Myth in Primitive Psychology, W.W. Norton & Company, New York.

Maani, Sitti (Leone, Massimo) (2018), «I giga di Gige. L’impatto dell’anonimato nella comunicazione contemporanea» in RIFL/SFL (2018), pp. 101-109, da http://www.rifl.unical.it/index.php/rifl/article/view/520.

Marino, Gabriele (2014), Keep calm and Do the Harlem Shake: meme, Internet meme e meme musicali, in Pezzini, Isabella e Spaziante, Lucio (a cura di) (2014), Corpi mediali. Semiotica e contemporaneità, Edizioni ETS, Pisa pp. 85-105.

Marino, Gabriele e Thibault, Mattia (2016), «(A mo’ di) Prefazione» in Lexia, n. 25-26, pp. 11-43.

McLuhan, Marshall (1962), The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man, Toronto, University of Toronto Press.

McLuhan, Marshall (1964), Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, Signet Books, New York.

Nencioni, Giovanni (1976), «Parlato-parlato, parlato-scritto, parlato-recitato» in Strumenti critici n. LX, pp. 1-56.

Niola, Marino (2012), Miti d’oggi, Bompiani, Milano (Edizione Kindle).

Ortoleva, Peppino (2019), Miti a bassa intensità. Racconti, media, vita quotidiana, Einaudi, Torino (Edizione Kindle).

Opelz, Hannes (2018), Thus Spoke Literature, in Langlois, Christopher (2018), Understanding Blanchot, Understanding Modernism, Bloomsbury Academic, New York.

Otto, Walter F. (1962) Mythos und Welt, Klett, Stuttgart.

Otto, Walter F. (1987), Essais sur le mythe, Trans-Europe-Repress, Paris.

Pistolesi, Elena (2014), Scritture digitali, in Antonelli, Giuseppe, Motolese, Matteo e Tomasin, Lorenzo (a cura di) (2014), Storia dell’italiano scritto, vol. III: Italiano dell’uso, Carocci, Roma, pp. 349-375.

Popper, Karl (1963) Conjectures and refutations: the growth of scientific knowledge, Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, London.

Popper Karl (1994), The myth of the framework: in defence of science and rationality, Routledge, London.

Schelling, Friedrich W. J. von (1857) Philosophie der Mythologie, J.G. Gotta’sher Verlag, Stuttgart (Introduzione filosofica alla filosofia della mitologia, trad. it. di L. Lotito, Bompiani, Milano 2002).

Shifman, Limor (2013), Memes in digital culture, MIT Press, Cambridge.

Siganos, André (2005), Définitions du mythe, in Chauvin, Danièle, Siganos, André e Walter, Philippe (a cura di) (2005), Questions de Mythocritique : Dictionnaire, Imago, Paris pp. 85-100.

Stano, Simona (2021), Beyond Nutrition: Meanings, Narratives, Myths, in Stano, Simona e Bentley, Amy (a cura di) (2021), Food for Thought. Nourishment, Culture, Meaning, Springer, Cham, pp. 147-158.

Starbird, Kate (2017), Examining the Alternative Media Ecosystem through the Production of Alternative Narratives of Mass Shooting Events on Twitter, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, da https://faculty.washington.edu/kstarbi/Alt_Narratives_ICWSM17-CameraReady.pdf.

Tylor, Edward B. (1871), Primitive Culture. Researches into the Development of Mythology, Religion, Language, Art, and Custom, Murray, London 1920.

Wong, Tik Hun W. (2010), HK Golden Forum: From virtual exchanges to real influence, tesi, The University of Hong Kong.

Pubblicato
2022-09-17
Come citare
Stano, S. (2022) «Il mito tra verità e post-verità », Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio. doi: 10.4396/SFL2021A20.